ESSI2.2 - Metadata, Data Models and Semantics
Contents
We have "born digital" - now what about "born semantic"?
Adam Leadbetter
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While much effort has been put in to creating and curating these digital data, there has been little work on using semantic mark up of data from the point of collection – what we term “born semantic”.
In this presentation we report on two efforts to expand this area: Qartod-to-OGC (Q2O) and SenseOCEAN. These projects have taken a common approach to “born semantic”:
- create or reuse appropriate controlled vocabularies, published to World Wide Web Commission (W3C) standards
- use standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium’s Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative to describe instrument setup, deployment and/or outputs using terms from those controlled vocabularies
- embed URLs from the controlled vocabularies within the SWE documents in a "Linked Data" conformant approach
Q2O developed best practices examples of
- SensorML descriptions of Original Equipment Manufacturers’ metadata (model characteristics, capabilities, manufacturer contact, etc ...)
- set-up and deployment SensorML files; and data centre process-lineage
- using registered vocabularies to describe terms (including input, output, processes, parameters, quality control flags)
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The sensor descriptions are being profiled in SensorML and the controlled vocabularies are being repurposed from those used within the European Commission SeaDataNet project and published on the community standard NERC Vocabulary Server.
A harmonized vocabulary for soil observed properties
Bruce Simons
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However, observed property terms are often defined during different activities and projects in isolation of one another, resulting in data that has the same scope being represented with different terms, using different formats and formalisms, and published in various access methods. Significantly, many soil property vocabularies conflate multiple concepts in a single term, e.g. quantity kind, units of measure, substance being observed, and procedure.
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We have developed a vocabulary for observed soil properties by adopting and extending a previously defined water quality vocabulary. The observed property model separates the information elements, based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Observations & Measurements model and extending the NASA/TopQuadrant ‘Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types’ (QUDT) ontology. The imported water quality vocabulary is formalized using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). Key elements are defined as sub-classes or sub-properties of standard Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) elements, allowing use of standard vocabulary interfaces.
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By formalizing the model for observable properties, and clearly labelling the separate elements, soil property observations may be more easily mapped to the OGC Observations & Measurements model for cross-domain applications.
Evaluation Methodology for UML and GML Application Schemas Quality
Agnieszka Chojka
INSPIRE Directive implementation in Poland has caused the significant increase of interest in making spatial data and services available, particularly among public administration and private institutions.
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The process of harmonisation requires either working out new data structures or adjusting existing data structures of spatial databases to INSPIRE guidelines and recommendations. Data structures are described with the use of UML and GML application schemas. Although working out accurate and correct application schemas isn’t an easy task. There should be considered many issues, for instance recommendations of ISO 19100 series of Geographic Information Standards, appropriate regulations for given problem or topic, production opportunities and limitations (software, tools). In addition, GML application schema is deeply connected with UML application schema, it should be its transla- tion. Not everything that can be expressed in UML, though can be directly expressed in GML, and this can have significant influence on the spatial data sets interoperability, and thereby the ability to valid data exchange.
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The principal subject of this research is to propose an evaluation methodology for UML and GML application schemas quality prepared in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography in Poland within the INSPIRE Directive implementation works.
QualityML: a dictionary for quality metadata encoding
Miquel Ninyerola
Enriching the Web Processing Service
Christoph Wosniok
No More Metadata!
Peter Baumann